After providing some general background of the FCC process, including a short history as well as details on the process, reactor design, chemical reactions involved and catalyst material, we will discuss several trends in FCC catalysis research by focusing on ways to improve the zeolite structure stability, propylene selectivity and the overall catalyst accessibility by (a) the addition of rare earth elements and phosphorus, (b) constructing hierarchical pores systems and (c) the introduction of new zeolite structures. These trends include ways to make it possible to process either very heavy or very light crude oil fractions as well as to co-process biomass-based oxygenates with regular crude oil fractions, and convert these more complex feedstocks in an increasing amount of propylene and diesel-range fuels. In this critical review, we give an overview of the latest trends in this field of research. FCC currently produces the majority of the world's gasoline, as well as an important fraction of propylene for the polymer industry. Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the major conversion technologies in the oil refinery industry.
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May 2023
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